USATF and World Athletics, headphone and audio-device rules

Governing-body rules restrict audio devices in competition. USA Track & Field permits portable listening devices for ordinary participants but bars them for those competing for championships, awards, medals or prize money; World Athletics technical rules similarly prohibit communication and audio devices in the competition area for elite competition. A rule fact, not an empirical claim. Strong (the elite-versus-recreational distinction; verify the exact current World Athletics clause).