Pugh 1970, Air resistance in running

Classic study of the oxygen cost of overcoming air resistance. Air resistance is a small fraction of the energy cost at distance-running speeds (around 8% at 5 km pace) but rises steeply with velocity (around 16% at sprint pace), because the cost scales with the cube of speed in still air. Explains why a fixed treadmill-incline correction can only approximate outdoor cost. Strong.