Tenforde et al. 2022, Best practices for extracorporeal shockwave therapy

Expert best-practices guidance for extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal medicine (PM&R 14(5):611–619). Absolute contraindications across all energy levels are active infection, a malignant tumour in the focus (for focused ESWT), and pregnancy; relative contraindications for high-energy treatment include significant coagulopathy and brain, nerve, lung, pleura or an open growth plate in the treatment focus. Cardiac pacemakers or other implantable devices, current anticoagulant or NSAID use, and recent corticosteroid injection warrant caution. Moderate (expert guidance).