Rushton & Richie 2024, Friction blisters of the feet: a critical assessment of prevention strategies

Review in the Journal of Athletic Training (2024; doi:10.4085/1062-6050-0341.22) assessing what actually prevents foot blisters. Friction blisters form from repeated shear on the skin, and moisture matters: even mild to moderate skin hydration raises friction and blister likelihood. Densely padded acrylic/synthetic socks reduced blister number and size compared with cotton in trial data, though the benefit depends on sock construction (padding/thickness) and is lost in thin socks. The authors find the evidence for blister-prevention lubricants is uncertain (reapplication during activity is impractical), and that non-irritating antiperspirants do not prevent blisters. Overall: manage moisture and friction; many marketed products are unproven.