Neves et al. 2022, foot orthoses and injury prevention in runners meta-analysis

A systematic review and meta-analysis restricted to runners (12 RCTs, 5,321 participants) found that foot orthoses reduced lower-limb injury risk by approximately 40% compared with no intervention (RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.5–0.7), rated as moderate-quality evidence. Unlike the broader military-dominated literature, all trials enrolled runners, making the finding more directly applicable to recreational and competitive distance runners. Moderate evidence.