Neal et al. 2022, six treatments for patellofemoral pain

A systematic review with meta-analysis of 65 RCTs examining interventions for patellofemoral pain (PFP). Six treatments showed positive effects at three months: knee-targeted exercise therapy, combined hip-and-knee exercise therapy, foot orthoses, lower-quadrant manual therapy, combined multimodal interventions, and knee-targeted exercise with perineural dextrose injection. Combined hip-and-knee exercise showed secondary efficacy over knee-only exercise for both pain and function. The authors noted that no intervention has been adequately evaluated beyond three months, a gap that limits long-term guidance. Moderate to strong evidence from a large, well-screened trial base.