Correia et al. 2024, umbrella review of risk factors for running-related injuries

An umbrella systematic review in the Journal of Sport and Health Science (vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 793–804; DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2024.04.011) pooled 13 systematic reviews of running-related injury risk factors with searches to June 2023 and identified 207 outcomes across 148 primary studies. Running and training characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, and morphological and biomechanical variables showed the largest effect sizes for injury risk; no single factor dominated, confirming the multifactorial nature of injury causation. The authors note that the methodological quality of included reviews ranged from critically low (8 reviews) to low (5 reviews) — none reached moderate or high quality — so findings warrant cautious interpretation. Moderate evidence.